Quiz Module 2 - Class #1

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Question 1 of 5

1. Question
1. In relation to descriptive observational studies, it is correct to affirm that:
- a) They are designed to assess effect of preventive strategies.
- b) They always determine causality of a given disease/condition.
- c) Frequently such studies compare exposed/non-exposed individuals to a possible risk factor.
- d) They allow to assess prevalence of a given disease/condition.
- e) None of the above are correct.
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Question 2 of 5

2. Question
2. Considering analytical observational studies, it is correct to affirm that:
- a) They use statistics and association with risk factors/indicators may be achieved.
- b) They might be cross-sectional or longitudinal.
- c) They test hypothesis, but causality is only achieved in longitudinal designs.
- d) A and B are correct.
- e) A, B and C are correct.
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Question 3 of 5

3. Question
3. In relation to sampling procedures, it is correct to affirm that:
- a) A Census is a type of sampling.
- b) A representative sample should reflect the situation of a population.
- c) Sampling strategies are needed in small populations.
- d) A systematic sample is non-probabilistic.
- e) A convenience sample has good external validity.
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Question 4 of 5

4. Question
4. Considering prevalence studies, it is correct to affirm that:
- a) They need ethical approval only if performed in children/adolescents or vulnerable populations.
- b) They can only collect data from one disease/condition.
- c) The examiner(s) need to be trained/calibrated.
- d) Representativity is not desired.
- e) They are only accepted in local journals.
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Question 5 of 5

5. Question
5. Considering reliability of a study, it is correct to affirm that:
- a) Training and calibration of the examiners are the same procedure.
- b) As training/calibration occurs before the start of the study, no ethical clearance is needed.
- c) Reproducibility of measurements is needed only for clinical outcomes.
- d) Studies with more than one examiner need intra and inter-examiner calibration.
- e) In the publication, reproducibility does not need to be mentioned.
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Research Program in Dentistry for Faculty Members

Quiz Module 2 – Class #1

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